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EPUB is an e-book file format that uses the ". The term is short for electronic publication and is sometimes styled ePub. EPUB is supported by many e-readers , and compatible software is available for most smartphones, tablets, and computers. The Book Industry Study Group endorses EPUB 3 as the format of choice for packaging content and has stated that the global book publishing industry should rally around a single standard. The EPUB 3. The current version of EPUB is 3.

EPUB 2. Finally, the files are bundled in a zip file as a packaging format. There are, however, a few restrictions on certain elements. Styling and layout are performed using a subset of CSS 2. This specialized syntax requires that reading systems support only a portion of CSS properties and adds a few custom properties.

Custom properties include oeb-page-head, oeb-page-foot, and oeb-column-number. Font-embedding can be accomplished using the font-face property, as well as including the font file in the OPF's manifest see below.

Other media types are allowed, but creators must include alternative renditions using supported types. However, reading systems are not required to provide the fonts necessary to display every Unicode character, though they are required to display at least a placeholder for characters that cannot be displayed fully.

The OPF specification's purpose is to "[define] the mechanism by which the various components of an OPS publication are tied together and provides additional structure and semantics to the electronic publication". The OPF file, traditionally named content. This file has a root element package and four child elements: metadata , manifest , spine , and guide.

Furthermore, the package node must have the unique-identifier attribute. The metadata element contains all the metadata information for a particular EPUB file. Three metadata tags are required though many more are available : title , language , and identifier.

The identifier 's id attribute should equal the unique-identifier attribute from the package element. The manifest element lists all the files contained in the package. Each file is represented by an item element, and has the attributes id , href , media-type. Only the. Also, any content document that can be reached through linking or the table of contents must be listed as well.

The toc attribute of spine must contain the id of the NCX file listed in the manifest. Each itemref element's idref is set to the id of its respective content document. The guide element is an optional element for the purpose of identifying fundamental structural components of the book.

Each reference element has the attributes type , title , href. Files referenced in href must be listed in the manifest, and are allowed to have an element identifier e.

It must also be uncompressed, unencrypted, and the first file in the ZIP archive. This file provides a more reliable way for applications to identify the mimetype of the file than just the. This XML file points to the file defining the contents of the book.

This is the OPF file, though additional alternative rootfile elements are allowed. EPUB 3. EPUB 3 consists of a set of four specifications: [20]. This could affect the level of support for various DRM systems on devices and the portability of purchased e-books. EPUB is a popular format for electronic data interchange because it can be an open format and is based on HTML, as opposed to Amazon's proprietary format for Kindle readers.

Such formats are associated with various types of security issues and privacy-breaching behaviors e. Such vulnerabilities can be used to implement web tracking and cross-device tracking on EPUB files.

Security researchers also identified attacks leading to local files and other user data being uploaded. The "EPUB 3. Authors need to be aware that scripting in an EPUB Publication can create security considerations that are different from scripting within a Web browser.

For example, typical same-origin policies are not applicable to content that has been downloaded to a user's local system. Therefore, it is strongly encouraged that scripting be limited to container constrained contexts. An EPUB file is an archive that contains, in effect, a website. It also contains metadata. By using HTML5 , publications can contain video, audio, and interactivity, just like websites in web browsers.

An EPUB publication is delivered as a single file. This file is an unencrypted zipped archive containing a set of interrelated resources. The file system model uses a single common root directory for all contents in the container. All non-remote resources for publications are in the directory tree headed by the container's root directory, though EPUB mandates no specific file system structure for this.

The first file in the archive must be the mimetype file. It must be unencrypted and uncompressed so that non-ZIP utilities can read the mimetype.

This file points to the file defining the contents of the book, the OPF file, though additional alternative rootfile elements are allowed. An example container. The ePUB container must contain: [50]. Content documents include [51] HTML 5 content, navigation documents, SVG documents, scripted content documents, and fixed layout documents. Books with synchronized audio narration are created in EPUB 3 by using media overlay documents to describe the timing for the pre-recorded audio narration and how it relates to the EPUB Content Document markup.

There is also cross-platform editor software for creating EPUB files, including the open source programs calibre and Sigil. Most modern web browsers also support EPUB reader plugins. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. E-book file format. For publications that are accessed electronically, see Electronic article. Retrieved February 27, Oct 15, Book Industry Study Group.

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